Genomic insights into plasmid mediated AMR genes, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements in raw milk Escherichia coli from Gujarat, India

This study analyzed antimicrobial resistance, mutations, virulence factors, mobile genetic elements, and diversity of Escherichia coli in cattle raw milk from Gujarat, India. 56 isolates were found, with 26 identified as E. coli. The results revealed a wide array of ARGs and mutations, including plasmid-mediated ARGs responsible for antibiotic resistance. The isolates also showed considerable diversity, providing insights for effective monitoring, mitigation, and educational strategies to prevent pathogenic Escherichia coli spread through the food chain.